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Maxfield Parrish (July 25, 1870 – March 30, 1966) was an American painter and illustrator active in the first half of the 20th century. He is known for his distinctive saturated hues and idealized neo-classical imagery. ==Life== Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he was the son of painter and etcher Stephen Parrish. He began drawing for his own amusement as a child. His given name was Frederick Parrish, but he later adopted the maiden name of his paternal grandmother, Maxfield, as his middle name, and later as his professional name. His father was an engraver and landscape artist, and young Parrish's parents encouraged his talent. Starting in 1888 he attended Haverford College, then beginning in 1891 the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and later at Drexel Institute of Art, Science & Industry. But he was also exposed to the landscapes, art, and architecture of Europe in his youth. During a stay in Europe with his parents during 1894-96, Parrish studied at the Paris school of a Dr. Kornemann, and in the summer of 1895 he traveled to London and Brussels. During 1901-02, he journeyed through parts of the American Southwest, said to have influenced his sense of the color possibilities of natural landscapes (he visited Colorado again in 1920). In 1903 he traveled to Italy to study the scenery and architecture as research for a commission, and while in Europe he once again visited Paris. Parrish entered into an artistic career that lasted for more than half a century, and which helped shape the Golden Age of illustration and the future of American visual arts. He lived in Philadelphia until he was 28, at which time he purchased land in Plainfield, New Hampshire, opposite the valley from his parents' home. Over a number of years he designed and built his own home and eventual studio, The Oaks. He spent the rest of his life there with his wife, Lydia, who died in 1953, and his mistress and model, Sue Lewin, who survived his death in 1966 at age 95. Launched by a commission to illustrate L. Frank Baum's ''Mother Goose in Prose'' in 1897, his repertoire included many prestigious projects, among which were Eugene Field's ''Poems of Childhood'' in 1904 (8 color plates; ''see illustration'') and such traditional works as ''Arabian Nights'' in 1909 (12 color plates). Books illustrated by Parrish, in addition to those that include reproductions of Parrish's work—including ''A Wonder Book and Tanglewood Tales'' in 1910 (10 color plates), ''The Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics'' in 1911 ( 8 color plates) and ''The Knave of Hearts'' in 1925 (with 23 color images)—are highly sought-after collectors' items. He had numerous commissions from popular magazines in the 1910s and 1920s, including ''Hearst's'', ''Colliers'', and ''Life''. He was also a favorite of advertisers, including Wanamaker's, Edison-Mazda Lamps, Fisk Tires, Colgate and Oneida Cutlery. In the 1920s, Parrish turned away from illustration and concentrated on painting for its own sake. Androgynous nudes in fantastical settings were a recurring theme. He continued in this vein for several years, living comfortably off the royalties brought in by the production of posters and calendars featuring his works. An early favorite model was Kitty Owen in the 1920s. Later another favorite, Susan Lewin, posed for many works, and was employed in the Parrish household for many years. Parrish posed for many images that featured male—and occasionally female—figures (see ''Potpourri'', 1905). In 1931, he declared to the Associated Press, "I'm done with girls on rocks", and opted instead to focus on landscapes. Though never as popular as his earlier works, he profited from them. He would often build models of the landscapes he wished to paint, using various lighting setups before deciding on a preferred view, which he would photograph as a basis for the painting (see for example, ''The Millpond''). He lived in Plainfield, New Hampshire, near the Cornish Art Colony, and painted until he was 91 years old. He was also an avid machinist. He often referred to himself as "a mechanic who loved to paint."〔Cutler L.S., et al. (2007)〕 Parrish was one of the most successful and prolific of the illustrators and painters of the Golden Age of Illustration. He was earning over $100,000 per year by 1910, at a time when a fine home could be purchased for $2,000. Norman Rockwell referred to Parrish as "my idol". Parrish, although unique in his execution and never duplicated, exhibited considerable influence upon other illustrators and artists, an influence which continues through the present. His original paintings are highly sought-after when they come to market, as well as his first-edition prints, which continue to command high prices at both auction and through private sales. His exacting attention to detail preceded the Photorealist and Hyper-Realist art movements, and his abundant imagination and love of fantasy elements have also influenced artists in myriad media. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maxfield Parrish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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